Machine for dyeing hanks and skeins of yarn and thread



2 Sheets-Sheet l /AIIHIIIIIIIHI June 20, 1933. G. sci-UAR! RlccARnl MACHINE FOR DYEING HANKS AND SKEINS OF YARN AND THREAD Filed April 3, 1930 l 17 T I l l l June 20, 1933. G. scHlARl RlccARDl 1,914,758

MACHINE FOR DYEING HANKS AND SKEINS OF YARN AND THREAD Filed April 5, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheetl 2 Patented June 20, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT-OFFIC.

GAETANO SCI-IIARI RICCARDI, OF TURIN, ITALY MACHINE FOR DYEING HANKS AND SKEINS OF YARN AND THREAD Application filed April 3, 1930, Serial No. 441,315, and in Italy YApril 30, 1929.

Dyeing of yarn and thread in hanks or skeins is generally effected by the oldest method in which the hanks or skeins are suspended on poles and stirred by hand in the bath while the poles are moved thereon by hand, this method affording up till now the best results.

A stock of 50 kilos yarn generally requires four skilled dyers from whom great care is required in order to avoid an unequal shade and entangling of the hanks or skeins.

This invention relates to an apparatus for dyeing yarn hanks or skeins which gives the same advantages as the hand operation while ensuring afaultless dyeing and strongly reducing the cost of the process, as the same work which previously required four specialized dyers can now be attended to by one unskilled worker.

The machine according to this invention comprises a number of crates carrying a plurality oi' rod pairs on which the skeins are placed, the rods of eac-h pair being situated at a distance to each other which is smaller than the skein length. During the working ot the machine the crates carrying the skeins are rotated about their own aXis or about the axis of a suitable frame in case a plurality of crates is assembled on this frame in order to reduce the size of the appliance in a horizontal plane.

Owing to the special arrangement of the skeins during the rotation of the crate according to this invention, the skeins are dipped into the dye tub at every revolution while they are suspended on a rod and are extracted :trom the bat-h while they are suspended to the other rod of the pair of rods on which the skein is freely mounted. This produces by virtue of the loose arrangement of the skeins a displacement of these latter on the rods, said displacement taking place on every revolution and having the same effect as the displacement effected by hand with the usual methods. The path traced by the skeins in the bath replaces the displacement of the skeins therein effected by hand with the old method.

Another feature of the machine according to this invention is the arrangement of the rods in the crates and of these latter on the frame as well as the means for easily placing the crates on and removing them from the rotatable frame, as hereinafter clearly described.

A construction of the machine according to this invention is shown on the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure l is a side view of the machine comprising tour crates for the skeins carried by and the arrangement ot the skeins in the machine result-ing therefrom, and

Figure 'l' is a detailed view showing a modilied arrangement of the cra-tes on the rotatable machine frame.

Referring to the dra-wings, l denotes the dye tub and 2 is a trame mounted on pivots 3 supported by bearings 4 and rotated by suitable means, non-illustrated for simplicitys sake. On the four corners ot the quadrangular trame 2 are mounted the crates 5 for the skeins. Each crate consists of a rigid frame supporting on both sides a pair of U-shaped cross bars 5 (Fig. 4). rlhe inner U-fiange of each cross bar 6 carries a plurality of notches 7 (Fig. 3) alternately of greater and smaller depth, in which the rods 8 carrying the skeins are lodged. By the provision of the notches 7 according to the invention it is possible to arrange the skein rods in such manner as to improve the circulation of the bath through the skeins.

The skein rods 8 are held in place on each cross bar 6 by pairs of longitudinal rods 9, each pair of which is lodged in caps 10 se- Cured to the ends of the cross bars 6. The

rear cap is closed at its bottom and the front cap is open for introducing the longitudinal rods 9 which are held by a hook fastener 11 hinged at 12 and effecting a spring closureon a stop 13 secured to the frame of the crate 5. The hook 11 according to this invention is conveniently made of Wire bent towards the outside (Fig. 8). In order to release the hook 11, the curved portion .thereof is pressed and attened and thus caused to slide on the stop 13 until it is released, whereupon it can be rotated about its hinge 12 leaving the passage of the longitudinal rods 9 free. The hook 11 is closed on the stop 13 by pushing it against this latter and pressing on its curved portion until it snaps into engagement with said stop.

According to the construction shown in Figures 1 and 2, the crates 5 are provided laterally with handles 14, which besides serving as gripping means for the transport, are utilized for securing the crates to the frame 2. For this purpose I provide on each ef the four corners of the frame 2 a fastening device comprising a strap 15 secured to the frame at 16 and spaced from this latter a distance such that the handle 14 can be placed under the strap; a. winged nut 1S pivoted at 17 to the strap 15 and a hook 19, hinged at 20 to a plate 21 secured to the frame 2, the winged nut 18 turning about this hook and being clamped thereon when it is brought to the position shown in Fig. 1 for retaining the hook 14 and consequently the crates. In Figure 2 the fastening device is shown in its open position for releasing the handles 14 and allowing the crates 5 to be removed from the frame.

According to this invention assembling and disassembling of the crates is effected Yby a device consisting of two levers 22 hinged at 24 to the tub 1 and ending with a hook 23 adapted to be engaged by the handles 14. On the pivot 24 a hand lever 25 is mounted, by means of which the pair of levers 22 is rotated and brought from the position shown in full lines to that shown in dot-anddash lines thus removing the crates from the frame 2 and placing them on the floor, and vice versa for placing the crates in position.

The crates are mounted on the frame 2 in the manner which is clearly shown so that the skeins are arranged as shown in the diagram of Fig. 6. By this arrangement all the crates carry the skeins M under the saine angle and in the same conditions at the inlet into and outlet from the bath when this frame 2 is rotated in the direction of the arrow of Figures 1 and 6.

Moreover owing to the loose mounting of the skeins M on the rods 8 (see Fig. 5) they slide on the rods by a certain extent on each revolution. In fact the skeins enter the bath while they are suspended to the rod 8a (Fig. 5) and leave the bath While they are suspended to the other rod SZ), said sliding motion being due to the weight of the skein moving from one rod to the other during its displacement in the bath and being made possible by the loose fitting of the hanks on the rods.

In order to cause all the skeins in each crate to be exactly in the same conditions at the end of the dyeing process it is advisable to rotate the crates on their seat through 18()o at least ence and in this case after the first half of the treatment. rhis is advantageous inasmuch as the skeins move in the bath at a speed increasing from a minimum for the skein nearest to the axis 3, to a maximum for the skeins remotest from said axis. By ro tating the crates through 180D after the first half of the process is accomplished, all the hanks or skeins in the crate shall have had when dyeing is completed the same average speed corresponding to that of the skeins suspended in the middle plane of the crate.

In order to facilitate this motion of the crates, I may provide these latter, instead of with handles 14, with pivots 14a lodged in straps 15a'. a nd provided with holes 26 engaging the r,pins 27 carried by oscillating hooks 19a pins 27 carried by oscillating hooks'19fc pivetally n'iounted on 20a on set plates 21a and locked in the Vclosed position by means of winged nuts 18u oscillatingly mounted at 17a to the straps 15a. The pins 27 prevent the rotation of the crates holding these fixed in the desired position; when it is desired to rotate the crates through 180o the hooks '19d are lifted for releasing the pivots 14a; when the rotation cannot be accomplished in the seat ofthe strap 15a owing to the closest proximity of the adjacent crates, it can be effected upon lifting the crates by means of the levers 22 while the pivots are seated in the hooks 23.

It is obvious that the shape and constructional details may be varied from what has been described and illustrated by way of ex'- ample without departing from the spirit of this invention which is not limited to dyeing processes but can be extended to any operation, as washing and drying, for which the machine may prove useful.

IVha t I claim is:

1. Machine for dyeing hanks and skeins of yarn and thread comprising, in combina.- ti on with a dye tub, a plurality of crates carrying the skeins, cach of which comprises a frame, two pairs of U-shaped cross bars fixed to said frame and provided on their inner flange with notches of alternately larger and smaller depth, a. plurality of rod pairs carrying the skeins lodged in said notches, the relative distance of the rods of each pair being smaller than the skein length, and means fordetachably fastening said rods in said notches, a y quadrangular frame rotatably mounted on said tub, means for detachably securing said crates to the corners of said frame, said means being arranged in such manner that the skeins of one crate are perpendicular to the skeins in the adjacent crates, 5 so that by virtue of the frame rotation the skeins entering and issuing from the bath in all the crates are in the same position, said skeins entering the bath while they are suspended to a rod of their relative rod pair and Iissuing from the bath While they are suspended to the other rod of said rod pair.

2. Machine for dyeing hanks and skeins of yarn and thread comprising, in combination With a dye tub, a plurality of crates carrying the skeins, each of which comprises a frame, two pairs of U-shaped cross bars secured to said frame and provided on their inner flange With notches of alternately greater and smaller depth, a plurality of of rod pairs carrying the skeins mounted in said notches, the relative distance of the rods of each rod pair being smaller than the skein length. A pair of retaining rods near each U-shaped cross bar for holding the skein rods displaced to one another, caps at the ends of said retaining rods and spring means for holding said retaining rods in said caps, a quadrangular frame rotatably mounted on said tub, means for detachably securing said crates to the corners of said fram-e, said means being arranged in such manner that the skeins in one crate are perpendicular to the skeins in the adjacent crates, so that by virtue of the fra-me rotation the skeins entering and issuing from the bath in all the crates are in the same position, said skeins entering the bath While they are suspended to a rod of their relative rod pair and issuing therefrom while they are suspended to the other rod of said rod pair.

3. Machine for dyeing hanks and skeins of yarn and thread comprising in combination with a dye tub, a number of crates, a plurality of pairs of rods carrying the skeins supported by said crates at a distance apart smaller than the ske-in length, a polygonal frame rotatably mounted on said tub, straps at the corners of said polygonal frame, pivots on the crates engaging said straps for supporting said crates in an easily detachable manner, tilting hooks and Winged nuts to hold said pivots in position, and pins and said hooks engaging in holes of said pivots to prevent rotation of said crates about their supporting pivots.

ln testimony that I claim the Jforegoing as my invention, I have signed my name.

GAETANO SCHIARI RICGARDI. 

